Substance Abuse: Methamphetamines

Methamphetamine is a member of the family of phenylethylamines. Methamphetamine acts as a dopaminergic and adrenergic reuptake inhibitor and in high concentrations as a monamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). Since it stimulates the mesolimbic reward pathway, causing euphoria and excitement, it is prone to abuse and addiction.

Methamphetamines: amphetamine (Benzedrine), dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine), MDMA (Ecstasy), methylphenidate (Ritalin)

Effect of Substance:
Increased attention, increased activity, decreased fatigue, decreased appetite, euphoria, hyperthermia, tachycardia

Effect of Withdrawal:

Insomnia, restlessness, irritability, panic, paranoia, confusion, homicidal behavior, depression with suicidal ideation, hallucination, vomiting, nausea, chills

Treatment:

• Detoxification
• Drugs: small doses of diazepam IV or haloperidol to combat CNS hyperactivity
• Treat seizure with benzodiazepines
• Activated charcoal for overdose
• Behavior therapy
• Psychotherapy
• Halfway houses
• Day or night hospitalization
• Twelve-step support groups

Nursing Intervention:

• Maintain airway
• Maintain safety
• Monitor for suicide attempts
• Calm, cool, and quiet environment
• Monitor vital signs and neurologic status and report to physician if any abnormal readings
• Encourage patient to express fears and anxiety